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Mainstream support ended on April 12, Extended support ended on April 12, [11] [12]. Windows Server is the second version of Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and was released on April 24, An updated version , Windows Server R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, Windows Server is based on the consumer operating system, Windows XP.
Windows Server is the follow-up to Windows Server, incorporating compatibility and other features from Windows XP. Unlike Windows , Windows Server 's default installation has none of the server components enabled, to reduce the attack surface of new machines.
Windows Server includes compatibility modes to allow older applications to run with greater stability. It was made more compatible with Windows NT 4. Windows Server brought in enhanced Active Directory compatibility and better deployment support to ease the transition from Windows NT 4. Windows Server is the first server edition of Windows to support the IA64 and x64 architectures.
The product went through several name changes during the course of development. When first announced in , it was known by its codename "Whistler Server"; it was named "Windows Server" for a brief time in mid, followed by "Windows.
NET Server" and "Windows. NET Server ". After Microsoft chose to focus the ". NET" branding on the. Windows Server was the first Microsoft Windows version which was thoroughly subjected to semi-automated testing for bugs with a software system called PREfast [17] developed by computer scientist Amitabh Srivastava at Microsoft Research.
Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates stated that Windows Server was Microsoft's "most rigorously tested software to date. Microsoft used Windows Server 's kernel in the development of Windows Vista.
Windows Server comes in a number of editions, each targeted towards a particular size and type of business. NET technology. Domain controller and Terminal Services functionality are not included on Web Edition. However, Remote Desktop for Administration is available. Only 10 concurrent file-sharing connections are allowed at any moment.
NET Framework version 2. When using it for storage or as a back-end with another remote server as the front-end, CALs may still be required. Microsoft Windows Server Standard is aimed towards small to medium-sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing, offers secure Internet connectivity, and allows centralized desktop application deployment.
A specialized variant for the x64 architecture was released in April Windows Server Enterprise is aimed towards medium to large businesses. It also provides the ability to hot-add supported hardware. Windows Server Enterprise is also the required edition to issue custom certificate templates. Windows Server Datacenter is designed [25] for infrastructures demanding high security and reliability. Windows Server is available for IA, Itanium, and x64 processors.
It supports a maximum of 32 physical processors on IA platform or 64 physical processors on x64 and IA hardware. The Datacenter edition, like the Enterprise edition, supports 8-node clustering. Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations by distributing and replicating the service among many servers.
This edition supports clustering with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or with all cluster nodes connected to a common SAN. Windows Compute Cluster Server CCS , released in June , is designed for high-end applications that require high performance computing clusters.
It is designed to be deployed on numerous computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds. Each Compute Cluster Server network comprises at least one controlling head node and subordinate processing nodes that carry out most of the work.
It ties nodes together with a powerful inter-process communication mechanism which can be complex because of communications between hundreds or even thousands of processors working in parallel.
The application programming interface consists of over functions. A job launcher enables users to execute jobs to be executed in the computing cluster. Windows Storage Server , a part of the Windows Server series, is a specialized server operating system for network-attached storage NAS. Launched in at Storage Decisions in Chicago, it is optimized for use in file and print sharing and also in storage area network SAN scenarios.
It is only available through Original equipment manufacturers OEMs. Windows Storage Server NAS equipment can be headless , which means that they are without any monitors, keyboards or mice, and are administered remotely. Such devices are plugged into any existing IP network and the storage capacity is available to all users. Multiple such NAS servers can be clustered to appear as a single device, which allows responsibility for serving clients to be shared in such a way that if one server fails then other servers can take over often termed a failover which also improves fault-tolerance.
Windows Storage Server can also be used to create a Storage Area Network , in which the data is transferred in terms of chunks rather than files, thus providing more granularity to the data that can be transferred. This provides higher performance to database and transaction processing applications.
Single instance storage SIS scans storage volumes for duplicate files, and moves the duplicate files to the common SIS store. The file on the volume is replaced with a link to the file. Windows Storage Server R2 provides an index-based, full-text search based on the indexing engine already built into Windows server.
Windows Storage Server can be promoted to function as a domain controller; however, this edition is not licensed to run directory services.
It can be joined to an existing domain as a member server. Windows Small Business Server SBS is a software suite which includes Windows Server and additional technologies aimed at providing a small business with a complete technology solution.
SBS has the following design limitations, mainly affecting Active Directory: [30]. Windows Home Server was announced on January 7, , at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates and is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access. Intended use was for building firewall, VPN caching servers and similar appliances. Availability of the original version ended May 28, Availability of R2 ended March 5, End of extended support was July 14, all variants except Storage Server [9] , and End of Licence was May 28, R2 and original.
All variants continued to receive Critical security updates until the end of extended support: [37]. While many features of the bit variant of Windows XP were brought over into Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, other limitations imposed by constraints such as only supporting bit drivers, and support for bit programs being dropped led to incompatibilities with the bit Windows XP editions available.
Among the improvements are many of the same updates that were provided to Windows XP users with Service Pack 2. Features that are added with Service Pack 1 include:. A full list of updates is available in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.
Service Pack 2 for Windows Server was released on March 13, This was followed by build , known as Beta 2 Refresh. The final build is Microsoft has described Service Pack 2 as a "standard" service pack release containing previously released security updates, hotfixes, and reliability and performance improvements.
Service Pack 2 also adds Windows Server Scalable Networking Pack SNP , [48] which allows hardware acceleration for processing network packets, thereby enabling faster throughput. Windows Server R2 is an updated release of Windows Server , which contains a copy of Windows Server SP1 on one CD and a host of optionally installed new features on another disc, similar to Microsoft Plus!
New features of Windows Server R2 include: [51]. On July 13, , Windows Server 's mainstream support expired and the extended support phase began.
During the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide security updates; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes are no longer being offered. Although Windows Server is unsupported, Microsoft released an emergency security patch in May for the OS as well as other unsupported versions of Windows including Windows Vista and Windows 7 RTM without a service pack , to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.
Anonymous users from managed to compile the Windows Server source code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine, [57] but was removed from the platform on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components. Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Server operating system by Microsoft released in This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points.
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Microsoft sql server 2014 standard with 5 cals free -
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At MetrixData , we strongly believe in educating our clients to improve their understanding of software asset management and software licenses in order to lead to strong, long-term SAM practices after our engagement has concluded. Table of Contents. SQL servers are made of many varied sizes and targeted towards different workloads and different types of workforces. Some exist in the Cloud with thousands of concurrent users and others exist in small to medium size on-prem businesses.
SQL servers are also designed to process different types of data, including primitive types like Char, Varchar, binary, and text, just to name a few. SQL Server licensing can be staggeringly overwhelming due to its sheer size and the number of other applications that interact with it.
Before we get into how a SQL Server works, here are some terms that you may need to know:. SQL Servers come with different licensing types and different editions, all of which we will break down. On the physical server, there are two processors, each with six physical cores with a total of twelve cores.
In addition to the license for the operating system, I would need 6 core licenses since they come in packs of two in order to be properly licensed. Client Access Licenses CAL , is a license that grants access to specific Microsoft server software, usually in conjunction with other Microsoft server software licenses.
Basically, while the server license allows for the installation of the software on an operating system, the CAL allows for people or devices to access the services that the operating system is hosting. User CAL: Allows for a single unique physical user to access the Microsoft software from many different devices. This includes work devices, personal devices, Internet kiosk or a personal digital assistant without the need to purchase a CAL for every device.
However, you are licensed per physical person, not log-in usernames, so all the John Smiths in your company can breathe easy.
Device CAL: Allows a large number of users to access the server software through a single device. Windows Server CAL. The CAL must be of the same version or be a more recent version than the version of the Server software you are pairing it with.
Each server product will require the associated CAL. A CAL can also give you access to multiple servers of the same kind throughout your domain. As you can imagine the pairing of your CALs to your servers can get extremely confusing and complex, especially if you try to mix and match.
So, it is always a good idea to consult your Microsoft Rep or your third-party rep, give them a clear picture about what your software environment looks like and then they can tell you about the CALs you need. Now that we have our SQL server licensing models laid out, we can move onto the next level of complication: Editions.
Microsoft offers four different Editions : Standard popular selection , Enterprise also popular , Express, and Developer. Standard: The basic experience with standard reporting and analytic capabilities.
There is a limit of memory, database size, and a maximum number of cores. Enterprise: Having all the basic features of the Standard Edition, Enterprise also offers tools for analyzing business and financial data, along with critical applications and data warehousing features essential for enterprises, whom this edition is primarily targeted towards.
Where the Standard edition had limits on its space and usage, the Enterprise edition has the sky as the limit. It is only offered in core-based licensing models, which makes sense since enterprise customers usually chose core-based licensing models. Express: This free version offers a limited experience, even when compared to the Standard edition. It is excellent though for general database use, including small applications with both hardware and software limitations.
Many organizations will first deploy SQL Server Express to see if it is sufficient for their specific applications and will only move to the fee-based editions when they can confirm that Express will not meet their requirements.
Developer: This edition allows you to build, test, and demonstrate applications in a non-production environment. A piece of software will be considered in production if individuals, either inside or outside of the organization, use the software for any reason beyond development, including evaluation acceptance testing such as a review of the application before it is put into general use. A SQL server will also be considered in production if it is connected to another database that is in production or runs as a backup or to provide disaster-recovery to a SQL server in production.
As you can probably imagine, mixing production and non-production environments is a recipe for disaster, as this can cause hyper complexity and compliance issues, especially if access controls are not established that prohibits use outside of development and testing.
There are a few ways to counteract this problem:. The main challenge with these editions is proving which edition you have. For example, if you are in a software audit, unless provided with evidence that proves otherwise, the software auditors will assume that you only have Enterprise editions, which are the most expensive.
Proving which editions, you have could mean the difference between owing hundreds of thousands of dollars and owing nothing. While Development and Express environments can be great in saving you money, in testing and demonstrating your software before deployment, it is important that these scenarios are licensed properly and that you understand their limitations.
Developer-Specific Licenses: Used primarily for debugging, designing, development, testing and demonstrating purposes. This license is for non-production use only and is often purchased when programmers, professional testers, technical writers, database professionals, or IT administrators are involved. Developer specific licenses are assigned on a per-user basis, in which Users can install and access an unlimited number of SQL Server instances and share those instances only with other users who have been assigned the same type of developer-specific user licenses.
That means, for this licensing model, if anyone wishing to access a development environment requires a developer-specific license, even for tasks as hands-off as administrative purposes. The only exception to this is user acceptance testing.
Installations can be set up and taken down at any time and can be placed on desktops, dedicated servers, shared servers, and cloud environments. Some potentially less expensive alternatives to this license include the following:.
Evaluation Licenses: Used to assess the software for potential business use. Again, only used for non-production environments but it is not often used in development and test environments.
Usually comes with an expiration date days to evaluate the use of the software when obtained through volume license contracts. This will cover all the VMs that your software environment will ever see, which comes in handy since VMs are so easily and quickly cloned and installed. You will need a license for every virtual core that you have.
Licensing your Virtual Environment all depends on the licensing model you choose, with the per core model proving much more cost-effective for many clients. Power BI and SQL Server Power BI is one of the most popular services for large businesses, and it can quickly become the most complicated due to its robust environment and its complicated, although critical, relationship with SQL servers. Although you will still need to have a Power BI account for content creation.
With the Desktop, however, you can retrieve SQL Server data from tables and run queries that can retrieve a subset of the data from multiple tables. Licensing for Disaster Recovery and High Availability.
Which is why Microsoft, as of November 1st, , has three enhanced benefits to offer to software assurance customers, which can be applied to any SQL Server that is still supported by Microsoft, including failover servers for high availability, disaster recovery, and disaster recovery in Azure.
What this means is that you can run passive SQL Server instances on separate operating system environments OSE or servers for high-availability on-prem or in Azure to cover any sort of failover event. If you have a secondary server that is only used as failover support , then you do not need to license that server separately from the SQL server it is supporting, as long as the server remains truly passive and the primary SQL Server is covered by your Software Assurance.
It is most important that you have a means of proving when your servers are passive, since during a software audit, the software auditors will assume that all your servers are active if given the chance to assume so. This means no more security or feature updates, no more help from Microsoft to keep your environment healthy and protected. Even if your license is perpetual and legally speaking you are allowed to keep the product forever, it may still be within your best interest to upgrade your license anyway to one that Microsoft supports.
However, it will not be easy since a SQL Server upgrade will take months and you should plan accordingly. When you are considering updating from one Server to the next, the first thing you need to do is make a to-do list containing everything you have to do, such as:.
If you have Software Assurance, then you are covered to upgrade your SQL Server edition, if not then you will have to purchase more licenses. Check to make sure what sort of changes have occurred since you last updated SQL Server, since depending on how old your SQL Server is, you may find yourself confronted with new features, new definitions, and new licensing metrics.
Do some research into the new SQL Server model you are planning on upgrading to and familiarize yourself on any differences the new edition has compared to your old model. Lastly, decide whether, this time around with your new SQL Server, if Software Assurance is something that interests your company.
SQL Servers are so thoroughly implemented throughout the software environments of organizations that a simple mistake could easily be scaled up to mean millions of dollars in software auditing fines. It is easy to get overwhelmed and to simply let your SQL Server sales rep handle it and tell you what you need to purchase and how many.
Of course, just because they know their way around their CALs, cores, and sockets does not mean they know what is best for your business.
Only you can answer that question. Physical Server: the actual wires-and-bolts physical hardware system. Physical Processor: the physical chip that is housed in a socket within the physical server that contains one or more cores.
Physical Core: Something like a mini server inside the server, a physical core is a smaller processing unit within the physical processor of the server, and are found in groups of two.
Web edition purchases can only be made through a SPLA. Core Based Licensing. This license allows for an unlimited number of users and devices to be connected to a server. You will need a core license for every core in the processor. You need at least four core licenses for each physical processor on the server core licenses are sold in packs of two.
The SQL Server or any of its components needs to be licensed. You would need two separate licenses for that scenario. Anything that is installed on the physical machine you need to have a license for. The same logic is applied when using virtual cores in virtual environments. Ideal for larger companies, since it is easy to manage. Imagine having an international corporation with tens of thousands of employees, keeping track of who needed what CAL would be exhausting.
It also can prove cheaper for larger organizations, especially if your users far outnumber the cores you have. Use naming conventions for SQL Server instances to explicitly state if a Server is in development or in testing. Install the SQL server on a separate network segment or cloud environment to lower the chance of unauthorized interaction. Require that installs be developer-specific editions. When you are considering updating from one Server to the next, the first thing you need to do is make a to-do list containing everything you have to do, such as: Making sure you have all the Window Updates Do you have.
NET Framework installed correctly? After all such preparations are ready you can begin the whole upgrading process.
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